ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a tremendous effect worldwide, and as a front liner, health professionals are significantly exposed to the disease. This study focused on exploring the seroprevalence of the antibody of the health professional who never had a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and never found positive through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or Rapid Antigen Test and the relation of vitamin D with SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two randomly selected medical college hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data have been acquired from purposively selected 251 respondents. An interviewer administrated questionnaire was used to collect the demographic characteristic and determine the IgG antibody, a laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays test was conducted, and for vitamin D, the ARCHITECT 25-OH Vitamin D assay is a quantitative method applied. Antibody index was interpreted 0.9 as no detectable IgG antibody for SARS-CoV-2 and for vitamin D, deficient was 20.0 ng/ml, insufficient 20-29 ng/ml, and normal was 30-100 ng/ml. The result showed that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among the health professional was 17.1%. The multivariate analysis showed a significant association with the medicine and allied department (odds ratio 0.287, 95% confidence interval 0.092-0.897;P0.001) with the SARS-CoV-2 antibody. However, no association was found with vitamin D. Copyright © 2022 The Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis.
ABSTRACT
Poor diet is known to increase cancer risk and mortality, both directly and mediated by excess body fatness.1,2 Characterized by higher intakes of red and processed meat and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and a lower intake of whole grains, vegetables, and fruit, poor diet is associated with the risk of multiple cancers, especially colorectal cancer.1,2 The most recent estimates of the proportion of new cancer cases attributable to suboptimal diet range from 4.2%3 to 5.2%,4 equating to approximately 67 000 to 80 000 total cases per year in the United States. ORIGINS OF DISPARITIES The reasons for disparities in dietrelated health outcomes are multifactorial and complex, with major aspects rooted in structural and social marginalization and discrimination, which result in poorer living environments, limited educational and occupational opportunities, and lower incomes among people of color and other historically marginalized populations.7 Consequently, these populations often experience higher levels of unhealthy food marketing and lower access to healthy foods because of a lack of financial and other resources, including transportation insecurity. [...]to inform policy and program efforts, there is a need for more implementation research on interventions that aim to reduce disparities. [...]more research is needed on indirect effects of diet on cancer through body mass index and on any differences in associations between diet and cancer risk by race/ethnicity;in this study, the authors used the same estimates for all racial/ethnic groups.
ABSTRACT
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) firstly emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. After going through the experimental process, the virus was named the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020 which has created a global pandemic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is challenging the people who are especially suffering from chronic health problems such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease or immune system deteriorating disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer's, etc. Other predisposing/risk factors consist of smoking and age (elderly people are at higher risk). The 2019-nCoV attacks epithelial cells in all organs, particularly epithelial cells in the lungs, resulting in viral pneumonia. The 2019-nCoV starts its invasion with the attachment and entry into the respiratory tract epithelial cells via Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the epithelial cells. The critical problem with 2019-nCoV is its ability in human to human asymptomatic transmission which causes the rapid and hidden spread of the virus among the population. Also, there are several reports of highly variable and tightly case-dependent clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV2, which made the virus more enigmatic. The clinical symptoms are varied from common manifestations which occurred in flu and cold, such as cough, fever, body-ache, trembling, and runny nose to severe conditions, like the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or even uncommon/unusual symptoms such as anosmia, skin color change, and stroke. In fact, besides serious injuries in the respiratory system, COVID-19 invades and damages various organs, including the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal, and nervous system. Accordingly, to cut the transmission chain of disease and control the infection spread. One of the major solutions seems to be early detection of the carriers, particularly the asymptomatic people, with sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques. Moreover, developing novel and appropriate therapeutic approaches will contribute to the suitable management of the pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to make comprehensive investigations and study reviews about COVID-19, offering the latest findings of novel therapies, drugs, epidemiology, and routes of virus transmission and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss new therapeutic outcomes and cover and the most significant aspects of COVID-19, including the epidemiology, biological features, organs failure, and diagnostic techniques.